| Title: | Tree Ring Analysis of Disturbance Events in R |
|---|---|
| Description: | Tree Ring Analysis of Disturbance Events in R (TRADER) package provides functions for disturbance reconstruction from tree-ring data, e.g. boundary line, absolute increase, growth averaging methods. |
| Authors: | Pavel Fibich [aut, cre], Jan Altman [aut], Tuomas Aakala [aut], Jiri Dolezal [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Pavel Fibich <[email protected]> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 |
| Version: | 1.2-4 |
| Built: | 2024-11-03 05:36:08 UTC |
| Source: | https://github.com/pavel-fibich/trader |
The TRADER package provides only one way for disturbance reconstruction from tree-ring data. TRADER is a unique package bringing the first instrument for analysis of forest disturbance history in complementary ways. Final advantage of TRADER is the possibility of results comparison between individual studies. This is enabled by easy parameter changes in data processing, as well as by clearly arranged graphical and tabular outputs. We developed TRADER in open source R environment, to further support the on-going open-source software development for dendrochronological methods and data availability.
| Package: | TRADER |
| Type: | Package |
| Version: | 1.2-4 |
| Date: | 2017-01-13 |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 |
library(TRADER)
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Maintainer: Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>
Nowacki, G.J. & Abrams, M.D. 1997. Radial-growth averaging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories from presettlement-origin oaks. Ecological Monographs, 67, 225-249.
Black, B.A. & Abrams, M.D. 2003. Use of boundary-line growth patterns as a basis for dendroecological release criteria. Ecological Applications, 13, 1733-1749.
Fraver, S. & White, A.S. 2005. Identifying growth releases in dendrochronological studies of forest disturbance. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere, 35, 1648-1656.
Splechtna, B.E., Gratzer, G. & Black, B.A. 2005. Disturbance history of a European old-growth mixed-species forest - A spatial dendro-ecological analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science, 16, 511-522.
data(relData) plotFirstYears(relData1) plotGrowth(relData1) absoluteIncreaseALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=jpeg) growthAveragingALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf) boundaryLineALL(relData1,length=2,buffer=2,storedev=pdf, boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)} ) splechtnaALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf, boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)} ) doAll(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf) knownBLdata(relData) plotFirstYears(relData1) plotGrowth(relData1) absoluteIncreaseALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=jpeg) growthAveragingALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf) boundaryLineALL(relData1,length=2,buffer=2,storedev=pdf, boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)} ) splechtnaALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf, boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)} ) doAll(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf) knownBL
Absolute-increase method is the alternative to percent-increase method.
absoluteIncrease(data, abs = NULL, abs.threshold = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, buffer = 2, gfun = mean, length = 2, prefix = NULL)absoluteIncrease(data, abs = NULL, abs.threshold = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, buffer = 2, gfun = mean, length = 2, prefix = NULL)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
abs |
Optional parameter usable for precomputed absolute increases (data frame). |
abs.threshold |
Threshold of absolute-increase, see destription. |
m1 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
m2 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (excluding target year) for period subsequent the potential release. |
buffer |
Number of years determining how close to one another two releases can be. |
gfun |
Determines if M1 and M2 values are mean or median for selected period. |
length |
Determines how many years have to be given critera exceeded to be considered as release. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
In cases where species autecology (mean growth rate, species sensitivity, and range of growth responses) is well known, it is possible to determine the absolute threshold for release detection, instead of thresholds based on relative growth. Empirically determined absolute-increase threshold for each species roughly corresponded to 1.25 times the standard deviation (Fraver & White 2005). The absolute-increase method has only one threshold, and no distinction is made between moderate and major releases.
Return list object with
releases |
By length and buffer filtred absolute increases. |
years |
Release years per tree. |
years_list_total |
Number of releases per year. |
pgc |
Reduced absolute increase values. |
all_releases |
All absolute increases above threshold. |
Check reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Fraver, S. & White, A.S. 2005. Identifying growth releases in dendrochronological studies of forest disturbance. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere, 35, 1648-1656.
absoluteIncreaseALL, plotRelease, reduceByLB
data(relData) abs<-absIncrease(relData1) mabs.threshold<- absTreshold(abs) fw <- absoluteIncrease(relData1,abs,mabs.threshold) plotRelease(relData1,abs,fw, 1, method="FraverWhite")data(relData) abs<-absIncrease(relData1) mabs.threshold<- absTreshold(abs) fw <- absoluteIncrease(relData1,abs,mabs.threshold) plotRelease(relData1,abs,fw, 1, method="FraverWhite")
Absolute-increase method is the alternative to percent-increase method.
absoluteIncreaseALL(data, abs = NULL, abs.threshold = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, buffer = 2, drawing = TRUE, gfun = mean, length = 2, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL, ...)absoluteIncreaseALL(data, abs = NULL, abs.threshold = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, buffer = 2, drawing = TRUE, gfun = mean, length = 2, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL, ...)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
abs |
Optional parameter usable for precomputed absolute increases. |
abs.threshold |
Threshold of absolute-increase, see destription. |
m1 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
m2 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (excluding target year) for period subsequent the potential release. |
buffer |
Number of years determining how close to one another two releases can be. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
drawing |
If TRUE, graphical outputs for individual trees. |
gfun |
Determines if M1 and M2 values are mean or median for selected period. |
length |
Determines how many years have to be given critera exceeded to be considered as release. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
... |
Further arguments pasted to plot function. |
In cases where species autecology (mean growth rate, species sensitivity, and range of growth responses) is well known, it is possible to determine the absolute threshold for release detection, instead of thresholds based on relative growth. Empirically determined absolute-increase threshold for each species roughly corresponded to 1.25 times the standard deviation (Fraver & White 2005). The absolute-increase method has only one threshold, and no distinction is made between moderate and major releases.
Write many tables and figures in the current directory.
Check reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Fraver, S. & White, A.S. 2005. Identifying growth releases in dendrochronological studies of forest disturbance. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere, 35, 1648-1656.
data(relData) absoluteIncreaseALL(relData1) absoluteIncreaseALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf)data(relData) absoluteIncreaseALL(relData1) absoluteIncreaseALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf)
"Blind" definition of the absolute-increase threshold of Fraver & White 2005 (1.25*standard deviation).
absTreshold(abs, tvalue = 1.25)absTreshold(abs, tvalue = 1.25)
abs |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
tvalue |
constat from Fraver & White 2005 |
You can specifie threshold value or use 1.25 * standard deviation used in Fraver & White 2005.
Returns one threshold value.
Check the reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Fraver, S. & White, A.S. 2005. Identifying growth releases in dendrochronological studies of forest disturbance. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere, 35, 1648-1656.
data(relData) abs<-absIncrease(relData1) absTreshold(abs)data(relData) abs<-absIncrease(relData1) absTreshold(abs)
Fit multiple boundary lines, write their results and choose the best one.
boundaryFit(boundaries, x, y, boundary = NULL, store = TRUE, storedev = pdf, initNLS = NULL, prefix = NULL)boundaryFit(boundaries, x, y, boundary = NULL, store = TRUE, storedev = pdf, initNLS = NULL, prefix = NULL)
boundaries |
Data frame with |
x |
x coordinates of all priors. |
y |
y coordinates of all priors. |
boundary |
Own boundary line function of one argument, eg. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
store |
If to save figures. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
initNLS |
Vector for initialization of start values for |
Boundary-line method scales the percent growth change of Nowacki & Abrams (1997) according to growth rate prior to disturbance. In their example, Black & Abrams (2003) defined moderate and major releases as those falling within 20-49.9%, and 50-100% of the boundary line, respectively. Advantage of the boundary-line is standardization, which takes into account the relationships among tree age, size, and canopy class determining radial growth rate (Black et al. 2004). On the downside, Black et al. (2009) suggest approximately 50000 ring width measurements is necessary for boundary line determination for a given species (Black et al. 2009).
Return list object with
fun |
Fitted function (boundary line). |
rsq |
R square of the fit. |
bestModel |
Best fitted model. |
Check reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Black, B.A. & Abrams, M.D. (2003) Use of boundary-line growth patterns as a basis for dendroecological release criteria. Ecological Applications, 13, 1733-1749.
Black, B.A., Abrams, M.D., Gagen, M., Daniels, L.D., Kipfmueller, K.F., Speer, J.H. & Anchukaitis, K.J. (2004) Development and application of boundary-line release criteria. Dendrochronologia, 22, 31-42.
Black, B.A., Abrams, M.D., Rentch, J.S. & Gould, P.J. (2009) Properties of boundary-line release criteria in North American tree species. Annals of Forest Science, 66.
boundaryGet, plotBoundary, nls
data(relData) bo<-boundaryGet(relData1) bofit<-boundaryFit(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y) plotBoundary(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y,boundary=bofit$fun,rsq=bofit$rsq) plotBoundary(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y,boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)})data(relData) bo<-boundaryGet(relData1) bofit<-boundaryFit(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y) plotBoundary(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y,boundary=bofit$fun,rsq=bofit$rsq) plotBoundary(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y,boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)})
Get values for fitting boundary line.
boundaryGet(data, prior = NULL, change = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, segment = 0.5, segment2 = 0.5, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, gfun = mean, bfun = mean)boundaryGet(data, prior = NULL, change = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, segment = 0.5, segment2 = 0.5, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, gfun = mean, bfun = mean)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
prior |
Priors. |
change |
Percentage growth change. |
m1 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
m2 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
segment |
Determines length of the segment on which prior growth will be divided |
segment2 |
Determines length of the segment on which first mm of prior growth will be divided. |
notop |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line. |
notop2 |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line in the segments for first mm. |
gfun |
Determines if M1 and M2 values are mean or median for selected period. |
bfun |
Which function use for number of highest data points. |
Boundary-line method scales the percent growth change of Nowacki & Abrams (1997) according to growth rate prior to disturbance. In their example, Black & Abrams (2003) defined moderate and major releases as those falling within 20-49.9%, and 50-100% of the boundary line, respectively. Advantage of the boundary-line is standardization, which takes into account the relationships among tree age, size, and canopy class determining radial growth rate (Black et al. 2004). On the downside, Black et al. (2009) suggest approximately 50000 ring width measurements is necessary for boundary line determination for a given species (Black et al. 2009).
Return list object with
bo |
Data frame with |
x |
x coordinates of all priors. |
y |
y coordinates of all priors. |
Check reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Black, B.A. & Abrams, M.D. (2003) Use of boundary-line growth patterns as a basis for dendroecological release criteria. Ecological Applications, 13, 1733-1749.
Black, B.A., Abrams, M.D., Gagen, M., Daniels, L.D., Kipfmueller, K.F., Speer, J.H. & Anchukaitis, K.J. (2004) Development and application of boundary-line release criteria. Dendrochronologia, 22, 31-42.
Black, B.A., Abrams, M.D., Rentch, J.S. & Gould, P.J. (2009) Properties of boundary-line release criteria in North American tree species. Annals of Forest Science, 66.
data(relData) bo<-boundaryGet(relData1) plot(bo) plotBoundary(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y,boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)})data(relData) bo<-boundaryGet(relData1) plot(bo) plotBoundary(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y,boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)})
Boundary-line method scales the percent growth change of Nowacki & Abrams (1997).
boundaryLineALL(data, releases = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, boundary = NULL, buffer = 2, criteria = 0.2, criteria2 = 0.5, segment = 0.5, segment2 = 0.5, drawing = TRUE, gfun = mean, length = 2, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL, ...)boundaryLineALL(data, releases = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, boundary = NULL, buffer = 2, criteria = 0.2, criteria2 = 0.5, segment = 0.5, segment2 = 0.5, drawing = TRUE, gfun = mean, length = 2, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL, ...)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
releases |
Optional parameter usable for precomputed releases. |
m1 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
m2 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
boundary |
Boundary line function of one argument, eg. |
buffer |
Number of years determining how close to one another two releases can be. |
criteria |
Threshold for detection of moderate release |
criteria2 |
Threshold for detection of major release. |
segment |
Determines length of the segment on which prior growth will be divided |
segment2 |
Determines length of the segment on which first mm of prior growth will be divided. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
drawing |
If TRUE, graphical outputs for individual trees. |
gfun |
Determines if M1 and M2 values are mean or median for selected period. |
length |
Determines how many years have to be given critera exceeded to be considered as release. |
notop |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line. |
notop2 |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line in the segments for first mm. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
... |
Further arguments pasted to plot function. |
Boundary-line method scales the percent growth change of Nowacki & Abrams (1997) according to growth rate prior to disturbance. In their example, Black & Abrams (2003) defined moderate and major releases as those falling within 20-49.9%, and 50-100% of the boundary line, respectively. Advantage of the boundary-line is standardization, which takes into account the relationships among tree age, size, and canopy class determining radial growth rate (Black et al. 2004). On the downside, Black et al. (2009) suggest approximately 50000 ring width measurements is necessary for boundary line determination for a given species (Black et al. 2009).
Write many tables and figures in the current directory.
Check reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Black, B.A. & Abrams, M.D. (2003) Use of boundary-line growth patterns as a basis for dendroecological release criteria. Ecological Applications, 13, 1733-1749.
Black, B.A., Abrams, M.D., Gagen, M., Daniels, L.D., Kipfmueller, K.F., Speer, J.H. & Anchukaitis, K.J. (2004) Development and application of boundary-line release criteria. Dendrochronologia, 22, 31-42.
Black, B.A., Abrams, M.D., Rentch, J.S. & Gould, P.J. (2009) Properties of boundary-line release criteria in North American tree species. Annals of Forest Science, 66.
data(relData) boundaryLineALL(relData1) boundaryLineALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf, boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)} )data(relData) boundaryLineALL(relData1) boundaryLineALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf, boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)} )
The TRADER package provides only one way for disturbance reconstruction from tree-ring data. TRADER is a unique package bringing the first instrument for analysis of forest disturbance history in complementary ways. Final advantage of TRADER is the possibility of results comparison between individual studies. This is enabled by easy parameter changes in data processing, as well as by clearly arranged graphical and tabular outputs. We developed TRADER in open source R environment, to further support the on-going open-source software development for dendrochronological methods and data availability.
doAll(data, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, abs.threshold = NULL, boundary = NULL, buffer = 2, criteriaNA = 0.2, criteria2NA = 0.5, criteriaBA = 0.2, criteria2BA = 0.5, segmentBA = 0.5, segment2BA = 0.5, criteriaS = 0.2, criteria2S = 0.5, segmentS = 0.5, segment2S = 0.5, gfun = mean, length = 2, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, storedev = pdf, drawing=TRUE, prefix = NULL, ...)doAll(data, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, abs.threshold = NULL, boundary = NULL, buffer = 2, criteriaNA = 0.2, criteria2NA = 0.5, criteriaBA = 0.2, criteria2BA = 0.5, segmentBA = 0.5, segment2BA = 0.5, criteriaS = 0.2, criteria2S = 0.5, segmentS = 0.5, segment2S = 0.5, gfun = mean, length = 2, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, storedev = pdf, drawing=TRUE, prefix = NULL, ...)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
m1 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
m2 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
abs.threshold |
Threshold of absolute-increase method. |
boundary |
Boundary line function of one argument, eg. |
buffer |
Number of years determining how close to one another two releases can be. |
criteriaNA |
Threshold for detection of moderate release in NA method. |
criteria2NA |
Threshold for detection of major release in NA method. |
criteriaBA |
Threshold for detection of moderate release in BA method. |
criteria2BA |
Threshold for detection of major release in BA method. |
criteriaS |
Threshold for detection of moderate release in S method. |
criteria2S |
Threshold for detection of major release in S method. |
segmentBA |
Determines length of the segment on which prior growth will be divided in BA method. |
segment2BA |
Determines length of the segment on which first mm of prior growth will be divided in BA method. |
segmentS |
Determines length of the segment on which prior growth will be divided in S method. |
segment2S |
Determines length of the segment on which first mm of prior growth will be divided in S method. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
gfun |
Determines if M1 and M2 values are mean or median for selected period. |
length |
Determines how many years have to be given critera exceeded to be considered as release. |
notop |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line. |
notop2 |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line in the segments for first mm. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
drawing |
If TRUE, graphical outputs for individual trees. |
... |
Parameters passed to plot function. |
For details look at methods that are evaluated: absoluteIncrease, noblabrams and splechtna.
Write many tables and figures in the current directory.
Check reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Nowacki, G.J. & Abrams, M.D. 1997. Radial-growth averaging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories from presettlement-origin oaks. Ecological Monographs, 67, 225-249.
Black, B.A. & Abrams, M.D. 2003. Use of boundary-line growth patterns as a basis for dendroecological release criteria. Ecological Applications, 13, 1733-1749.
Fraver, S. & White, A.S. 2005. Identifying growth releases in dendrochronological studies of forest disturbance. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere, 35, 1648-1656.
Splechtna, B.E., Gratzer, G. & Black, B.A. 2005. Disturbance history of a European old-growth mixed-species forest - A spatial dendro-ecological analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science, 16, 511-522.
absoluteIncreaseALL,
growthAveragingALL,
boundaryLineALL,
splechtnaALL
data(relData) doAll(relData1,length=5,stodev=pdf)data(relData) doAll(relData1,length=5,stodev=pdf)
Radial-growth averaging criteria developed by Nowacki & Abrams (1997).
growthAveragingALL(data, releases = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, buffer = 2, drawing = TRUE, criteria = 0.25, criteria2 = 0.5, gfun = mean, length = 2, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL, ...)growthAveragingALL(data, releases = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, buffer = 2, drawing = TRUE, criteria = 0.25, criteria2 = 0.5, gfun = mean, length = 2, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL, ...)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
releases |
Optional parameter usable for precomputed releases. |
m1 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
m2 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
buffer |
Number of years determining how close to one another two releases can be. |
drawing |
If TRUE, graphical outputs for individual trees. |
criteria |
Threshold for detection of moderate release |
criteria2 |
Threshold for detection of major release. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
gfun |
Determines if M1 and M2 values are mean or median for selected period. |
length |
Determines how many years have to be given critera exceeded to be considered as release. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
... |
Further arguments pasted to plot function. |
Radial-growth averaging criteria developed by Nowacki & Abrams (1997) is one of the most often used techniques from this category. This method computes the percentage growth change (%GC) between average radial growth over the preceding 10-year period, M1 (including the target year), and average radial growth over the subsequent 10-year period, M2 (excluding the target year): %GC = [(M2-M1)/M1] * 100. Minimum threshold for release is 25% growth change for moderate and >50% for major release. The advantage of this method is its broad applicability even for a small number of samples, and that information about species autecology is not necessary. On the other hand, this generality of radial-growth averaging may lead to detection of false releases and missing of true releases (Black & Abrams 2003; Fraver & White 2005). These inaccuracies are primarily caused by different growth rates in young, small, and suppressed trees when compared to older, larger and dominant trees.
Write many tables and figures in the current directory.
Check the reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Nowacki, G.J. & Abrams, M.D. 1997. Radial-growth averaging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories from presettlement-origin oaks. Ecological Monographs, 67, 225-249.
data(relData) growthAveragingALL(relData1) growthAveragingALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf)data(relData) growthAveragingALL(relData1) growthAveragingALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf)
Help function used in other functions.
absIncrease(data, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, gfun = mean) PGC(data, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, gfun = mean) PGCreleases(change, criteria = 0.2) PGCreleasesSplechtna(change, criteria = 0.5) priorGrowth(data, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, gfun = mean, dom1 = 0) writeReleaseStats(release_list, mytext) removeMajorFromModerate(mod,maj,zero,on) relListToDataFrame(release_list,data)absIncrease(data, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, gfun = mean) PGC(data, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, gfun = mean) PGCreleases(change, criteria = 0.2) PGCreleasesSplechtna(change, criteria = 0.5) priorGrowth(data, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, gfun = mean, dom1 = 0) writeReleaseStats(release_list, mytext) removeMajorFromModerate(mod,maj,zero,on) relListToDataFrame(release_list,data)
data |
Data frame returned by read.* function of dplR. |
m1 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
m2 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (not including target year) for period after the potential releas. |
gfun |
Determines if M1 and M2 values are mean or median for selected period. |
criteria |
Threshold for detection of moderate release. |
change |
Percentage growth change. |
dom1 |
If prior growth (dom1=0) or m1 is computed (dom1=1). |
release_list |
List of releases per tree. |
mod |
List of moderate releases per tree. |
maj |
List of major releases per tree. |
zero |
Value for the beginning of the list. |
on |
List of growth changes per tree. |
mytext |
Prefix of the info text. |
Just helping functions.
Various.
Check the reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Altman J, Fibich P, Dolezal J & Aakala T (2014) TRADER: a package for Tree Ring Analysis of Disturbance Events in R. Dendrochonologia 32: 107-112.
data(relData) abs<-absIncrease(relData1)data(relData) abs<-absIncrease(relData1)
There is a split of behaviour of this function according parameter black.
noblabrams(data = NULL, prior = NULL, change = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, boundary = NULL, buffer = 2, criteria = 0.25, criteria2 = 0.5, segment = 0.5, segment2 = 0.5, black = FALSE, gfun = mean, length = 2, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL)noblabrams(data = NULL, prior = NULL, change = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, boundary = NULL, buffer = 2, criteria = 0.25, criteria2 = 0.5, segment = 0.5, segment2 = 0.5, black = FALSE, gfun = mean, length = 2, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
prior |
(optional) prior growth computed by priorGrowth function. |
change |
(optional) percent growth change computed by PGC function. |
m1 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
m2 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
boundary |
Boundary line function of one argument, eg. |
buffer |
Number of years determining how close to one another two releases can be. |
criteria |
Threshold for detection of moderate release |
criteria2 |
Threshold for detection of major release. |
segment |
Determines length of the segment on which prior growth will be divided |
segment2 |
Determines length of the segment on which first mm of prior growth will be divided. |
black |
If TRUE Black and Abrams 2003 method used else Nowacki and Abrams 1997. |
gfun |
Determines if M1 and M2 values are mean or median for selected period. |
length |
Determines how many years have to be given critera exceeded to be considered as release. |
notop |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line. |
notop2 |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line in the segments for first mm. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
If black=TRUE: Boundary-line method scales the percent growth change of Nowacki & Abrams (1997) according to growth rate prior to disturbance. In their example, Black & Abrams (2003) defined moderate and major releases as those falling within 20-49.9%, and 50-100% of the boundary line, respectively. Advantage of the boundary-line is standardization, which takes into account the relationships among tree age, size, and canopy class determining radial growth rate (Black et al. 2004). On the downside, Black et al. (2009) suggest approximately 50000 ring width measurements is necessary for boundary line determination for a given species (Black et al. 2009).
If black=FALSE: Radial-growth averaging criteria developed by Nowacki & Abrams (1997) is one of the most often used techniques from this category. This method computes the percentage growth change (%GC) between average radial growth over the preceding 10-year period, M1 (including the target year), and average radial growth over the subsequent 10-year period, M2 (excluding the target year): %GC = [(M2-M1)/M1] * 100. Minimum threshold for release is 25% growth change for moderate and >50% for major release. The advantage of this method is its broad applicability even for a small number of samples, and that information about species autecology is not necessary. On the other hand, this generality of radial-growth averaging may lead to detection of false releases and missing of true releases (Black & Abrams 2003; Fraver & White 2005). These inaccuracies are primarily caused by different growth rates in young, small, and suppressed trees when compared to older, larger and dominant trees.
Return list object with
releases |
By length and buffer filtred percent growth change (PGC). |
years |
Release years per tree. |
change |
Original PGC. |
pgc |
Reduced releases values per tree and year. |
years_list_total |
Number of releases per year. |
all_releases |
All PGC above criteria. |
Rather use functions with ALL suffix.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Nowacki, G.J. & Abrams, M.D. 1997. Radial-growth averaging criteria for reconstructing disturbance histories from presettlement-origin oaks. Ecological Monographs, 67, 225-249.
Black, B.A. & Abrams, M.D. (2003) Use of boundary-line growth patterns as a basis for dendroecological release criteria. Ecological Applications, 13, 1733-1749.
Black, B.A., Abrams, M.D., Gagen, M., Daniels, L.D., Kipfmueller, K.F., Speer, J.H. & Anchukaitis, K.J. (2004) Development and application of boundary-line release criteria. Dendrochronologia, 22, 31-42.
Black, B.A., Abrams, M.D., Rentch, J.S. & Gould, P.J. (2009) Properties of boundary-line release criteria in North American tree species. Annals of Forest Science, 66.
growthAveragingALL, boundaryLineALL, plotRelease, reduceByLB
data(relData) rna<-noblabrams(relData1,black=FALSE) # for Nowacki and Abrams 1997 rba<-noblabrams(relData1,black=TRUE) # Black and Abrams 2003 plotRelease(relData1,rna$change,rna, 1, method="NowackiAbrams",addHLines=c(0.2)) plotRelease(relData1,rba$change,rba, 1, method="BlackAbrams",addHLines=c(0.2,0.5))data(relData) rna<-noblabrams(relData1,black=FALSE) # for Nowacki and Abrams 1997 rba<-noblabrams(relData1,black=TRUE) # Black and Abrams 2003 plotRelease(relData1,rna$change,rna, 1, method="NowackiAbrams",addHLines=c(0.2)) plotRelease(relData1,rba$change,rba, 1, method="BlackAbrams",addHLines=c(0.2,0.5))
Plot boundary line.
plotBoundary(boundaries, x, y, boundary, rsq = NULL, criteria = 0.2, criteria2 = 0.5, store = TRUE, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL)plotBoundary(boundaries, x, y, boundary, rsq = NULL, criteria = 0.2, criteria2 = 0.5, store = TRUE, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL)
boundaries |
Data frame with |
x |
x coordinates of all priors. |
y |
y coordinates of all priors. |
boundary |
Boundary line function of one argument, eg. |
rsq |
R square of the fit. |
criteria |
Threshold for detection of moderate release |
criteria2 |
Threshold for detection of major release. |
store |
If to save results on files. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
Boundary-line method scales the percent growth change of Nowacki & Abrams (1997) according to growth rate prior to disturbance. In their example, Black & Abrams (2003) defined moderate and major releases as those falling within 20-49.9%, and 50-100% of the boundary line, respectively. Advantage of the boundary-line is standardization, which takes into account the relationships among tree age, size, and canopy class determining radial growth rate (Black et al. 2004). On the downside, Black et al. (2009) suggest approximately 50000 ring width measurements is necessary for boundary line determination for a given species (Black et al. 2009).
Plot boundary line and priors.
Check the reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Altman J, Fibich P, Dolezal J & Aakala T (2014) TRADER: a package for Tree Ring Analysis of Disturbance Events in R. Dendrochonologia 32: 107-112.
data(relData) bo<-boundaryGet(relData1) bofit<-boundaryFit(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y) plotBoundary(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y,boundary=bofit$fun,rsq=bofit$rsq)data(relData) bo<-boundaryGet(relData1) bofit<-boundaryFit(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y) plotBoundary(bo$bo,bo$x,bo$y,boundary=bofit$fun,rsq=bofit$rsq)
Plot first years of trees including option of adding misspiths.
plotFirstYears(data = NULL, misspith = NULL, store = TRUE, storedev = pdf, prefix=NULL, ...)plotFirstYears(data = NULL, misspith = NULL, store = TRUE, storedev = pdf, prefix=NULL, ...)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
misspith |
An optional vector containing series IDs in the first column (they must exactly match with series IDs in measurement) and information about the number of missing years in second column |
store |
If to save results on files. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
... |
Further arguments pasted to plot function. |
First year plotting function.
Plot and store number of trees in years.
Check the reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Altman J, Fibich P, Dolezal J & Aakala T (2014) TRADER: a package for Tree Ring Analysis of Disturbance Events in R. Dendrochonologia 32: 107-112.
data(relData) plotFirstYears(relData1) plotFirstYears(relData1,relMissPith)data(relData) plotFirstYears(relData1) plotFirstYears(relData1,relMissPith)
Plot growth of all trees and fit polynom for them.
plotGrowth(data = NULL, polynom = 4, store = TRUE, storedev = pdf, prefix=NULL, ...)plotGrowth(data = NULL, polynom = 4, store = TRUE, storedev = pdf, prefix=NULL, ...)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
polynom |
Degree of fitted polynom. |
store |
If to save results on files. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
... |
Arguments passed to plot function. |
Plot function focusing on the trend of the growth of trees.
Plot growth of all trees.
Check the reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Altman J, Fibich P, Dolezal J & Aakala T (2014) TRADER: a package for Tree Ring Analysis of Disturbance Events in R. Dendrochonologia 32: 107-112.
data(relData) plotGrowth(relData1)data(relData) plotGrowth(relData1)
Barplot number of releases according given criteria.
plotNORelease(data, inyears, in2years = NULL, criteria, criteria2 = NULL, store = TRUE, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL)plotNORelease(data, inyears, in2years = NULL, criteria, criteria2 = NULL, store = TRUE, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
inyears |
Releases in years according |
in2years |
Releases in years according |
criteria |
Threshold for detection of moderate release |
criteria2 |
Threshold for detection of major release. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
store |
If to save results on files. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
Plot number of releases and return data frame with release statistic.
Return data frame with releases statistic per year.
Check the reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Altman J, Fibich P, Dolezal J & Aakala T (2014) TRADER: a package for Tree Ring Analysis of Disturbance Events in R. Dendrochonologia 32: 107-112.
data(relData) abs<-absIncrease(relData1) abs.threshold<- absTreshold(abs) fw <- absoluteIncrease(relData1,abs,abs.threshold) release_list <- reduceByLB(releases=fw$releases,above=fw$all_releases,type=1) rs<-writeReleaseStats(release_list,"Total number of releases is") plotNORelease(relData1,rs, criteria=round(abs.threshold,3) )data(relData) abs<-absIncrease(relData1) abs.threshold<- absTreshold(abs) fw <- absoluteIncrease(relData1,abs,abs.threshold) release_list <- reduceByLB(releases=fw$releases,above=fw$all_releases,type=1) rs<-writeReleaseStats(release_list,"Total number of releases is") plotNORelease(relData1,rs, criteria=round(abs.threshold,3) )
Plot releases according the given method.
plotRelease(data, abs, rel, treeno = 1, method = "FraverWhite", type = "l", xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL, main = NULL, col = c("black", "lightblue"), addHLinesCol = c("olivedrab", "red", "darkblue"), addHLines = c(NULL, NULL, NULL), addHLinesText = c("", "", ""), smallcex = 0.85, plotfirst = TRUE, plotpoints = FALSE, store=TRUE, storedev=pdf, prefix=NULL, ...)plotRelease(data, abs, rel, treeno = 1, method = "FraverWhite", type = "l", xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL, main = NULL, col = c("black", "lightblue"), addHLinesCol = c("olivedrab", "red", "darkblue"), addHLines = c(NULL, NULL, NULL), addHLinesText = c("", "", ""), smallcex = 0.85, plotfirst = TRUE, plotpoints = FALSE, store=TRUE, storedev=pdf, prefix=NULL, ...)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
abs |
Data frame with absolute increases. |
rel |
Data frame with releases. |
treeno |
Number of tree to plot. |
method |
Which method was used for releases. |
type |
type of plots (parameter type for plot). |
xlab |
Label of x-axis. |
ylab |
Label of y-axis. |
main |
Title of the figure. |
col |
List of colors for curves. |
addHLinesCol |
List of colors for horizontal lines. |
addHLines |
List values for horizontal lines. |
addHLinesText |
List texts for horizontal lines. |
smallcex |
|
plotfirst |
If to plot first year of growth. |
plotpoints |
If to plot points on the top of releases. |
store |
If to save results on files. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
... |
Further arguments pasted to plot function. |
Complex plotting function of releases.
Plot releases for given tree (treeno).
Check the reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Altman J, Fibich P, Dolezal J & Aakala T (2014) TRADER: a package for Tree Ring Analysis of Disturbance Events in R. Dendrochonologia 32: 107-112.
absoluteIncreaseALL,
growthAveragingALL,
boundaryLineALL,
splechtnaALL
data(relData) rna<-noblabrams(relData1,black=FALSE) # for Nowacki and Abrams 1997 rba<-noblabrams(relData1,black=TRUE) # Black and Abrams 2003 plotRelease(relData1,rna$change,rna, 1, method="NowackiAbrams") plotRelease(relData1,rba$change,rba, 1, method="BlackAbrams",addHLines=c(0.2,0.5))data(relData) rna<-noblabrams(relData1,black=FALSE) # for Nowacki and Abrams 1997 rba<-noblabrams(relData1,black=TRUE) # Black and Abrams 2003 plotRelease(relData1,rna$change,rna, 1, method="NowackiAbrams") plotRelease(relData1,rba$change,rba, 1, method="BlackAbrams",addHLines=c(0.2,0.5))
Reduce peaks of releases according length and buffer.
reduceByLB(releases, above, buffer = 2, type = 1, length = 2, val = NULL)reduceByLB(releases, above, buffer = 2, type = 1, length = 2, val = NULL)
releases |
Peak of releases. |
above |
All releases above threshold. |
buffer |
Number of years determining how close to one another two releases can be. |
type |
If to return years of releases (type=1), values of releases (type=2) or values from |
length |
Determines how many years have to be given critera exceeded to be considered as release. |
val |
Additional source for returning if there are releases. |
Check the reference.
Return list of releases reduced by length and buffer.
Check the reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Altman J, Fibich P, Dolezal J & Aakala T (2014) TRADER: a package for Tree Ring Analysis of Disturbance Events in R. Dendrochonologia 32: 107-112.
growthAveragingALL,
boundaryLineALL,
splechtnaALL
data(relData) rna<-noblabrams(relData1,black=FALSE) # for Nowacki and Abrams 1997 reduceByLB(rna$releases,rna$all_releases)data(relData) rna<-noblabrams(relData1,black=FALSE) # for Nowacki and Abrams 1997 reduceByLB(rna$releases,rna$all_releases)
Input release data and know boundary lines.
data(relData)data(relData)
knownBL data frame with published boundary lines for species and their references.
relData1 example input rwl data (15 trees and 142 years).
relMissPith example of miss piths for relData1.
relData2 big example input rwl data (192 spruce trees and 217 years).
knownBL is just data frame consisting of boundary lines. relData1 and relData2 are subsests of our measurements, not published yet.
Own non published measurements.
Altman J, Fibich P, Dolezal J & Aakala T (2014) TRADER: a package for Tree Ring Analysis of Disturbance Events in R. Dendrochonologia 32: 107-112.
data(relData) knownBL plotFirstYears(relData1)data(relData) knownBL plotFirstYears(relData1)
Splechtna is a combination of radial-growth averaging and boundary-line technique.
splechtna(data, change = NULL, prior = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, boundary = NULL, buffer = 2, criteria = 0.2, criteria2 = 0.5, segment = 0.5, gfun = mean, length = 2, segment2 = 0.5, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, storedev = pdf, prefix=NULL )splechtna(data, change = NULL, prior = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, boundary = NULL, buffer = 2, criteria = 0.2, criteria2 = 0.5, segment = 0.5, gfun = mean, length = 2, segment2 = 0.5, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, storedev = pdf, prefix=NULL )
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
change |
Precomputed percent growth change. |
prior |
Precomputed priors. |
m1 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
m2 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
boundary |
Boundary line function of one argument, eg. |
buffer |
Number of years determining how close to one another two releases can be. |
criteria |
Threshold for detection of moderate release |
criteria2 |
Threshold for detection of major release. |
segment |
Determines length of the segment on which prior growth will be divided |
segment2 |
Determines length of the segment on which first mm of prior growth will be divided. |
gfun |
Determines if M1 and M2 values are mean or median for selected period. |
length |
Determines how many years have to be given critera exceeded to be considered as release. |
notop |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line. |
notop2 |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line in the segments for first mm. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
Splechtna is a combination of radial-growth averaging and boundary-line technique. This method was developed by Splechtna, Gratzer & Black (2005) and as a potential release accepts only growth pulses exceeding 50% growth change according to Nowacki & Abrams (1997). Only these potential releases were then scaled relative to the boundary line.
Return list object with
releases |
By length and buffer filtred scaled percent growth change (PGC). |
years |
Release years per tree. |
change |
Original PGC. |
pgc |
Reduced releases values per tree and year. |
years_list_total |
Number of releases per year. |
all_releases |
All PGC above criteria. |
Check the reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Splechtna, B.E., Gratzer, G. & Black, B.A. 2005. Disturbance history of a European old-growth mixed-species forest - A spatial dendro-ecological analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science, 16, 511-522.
splechtnaALL plotRelease reduceByLB
data(relData) rel<-splechtna(relData1) plotRelease(relData1,rel$change,rel,1,method="Splechtna")data(relData) rel<-splechtna(relData1) plotRelease(relData1,rel$change,rel,1,method="Splechtna")
Splechtna is a combination of radial-growth averaging and boundary-line technique.
splechtnaALL(data, releases = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, boundary = NULL, buffer = 2, drawing = TRUE, criteria = 0.2, criteria2 = 0.5, segment = 0.5, segment2 = 0.5, gfun = mean, length = 2, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL, ...)splechtnaALL(data, releases = NULL, m1 = 10, m2 = 10, boundary = NULL, buffer = 2, drawing = TRUE, criteria = 0.2, criteria2 = 0.5, segment = 0.5, segment2 = 0.5, gfun = mean, length = 2, notop = 10, notop2 = 10, storedev = pdf, prefix = NULL, ...)
data |
A data.frame with series as columns and years as rows such as that produced by read.* function of dplR . |
releases |
Optional parameter usable for precomputed releases. |
m1 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
m2 |
Determines the number of years to be averaged (including target year) for period prior the potential releas. |
boundary |
Boundary line function of one argument, eg. |
buffer |
Number of years determining how close to one another two releases can be. |
criteria |
Threshold for detection of moderate release |
criteria2 |
Threshold for detection of major release. |
segment |
Determines length of the segment on which prior growth will be divided |
segment2 |
Determines length of the segment on which first mm of prior growth will be divided. |
prefix |
Prefix of saved files. |
gfun |
Determines if M1 and M2 values are mean or median for selected period. |
length |
Determines how many years have to be given critera exceeded to be considered as release. |
notop |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line. |
notop2 |
Number of highest data points for fitting the boundary line in the segments for first mm. |
storedev |
Format for saving the graphical outputs, eg. pdf or jpeg. |
drawing |
If TRUE, graphical outputs for individual trees. |
... |
Further arguments pasted to plot function. |
Splechtna is a combination of radial-growth averaging and boundary-line technique. This method was developed by Splechtna, Gratzer & Black (2005) and as a potential release accepts only growth pulses exceeding 50% growth change according to Nowacki & Abrams (1997). Only these potential releases were then scaled relative to the boundary line.
Write many tables and figures in the current directory.
Cehck the reference.
Pavel Fibich <[email protected]>, Jan Altman <[email protected]>, Tuomas Aakala <[email protected]>, Jiri Dolezal <[email protected]>
Splechtna, B.E., Gratzer, G. & Black, B.A. 2005. Disturbance history of a European old-growth mixed-species forest - A spatial dendro-ecological analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science, 16, 511-522.
data(relData) splechtnaALL(relData1) splechtnaALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf,boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)} )data(relData) splechtnaALL(relData1) splechtnaALL(relData1,length=3,buffer=4,storedev=pdf,boundary=function(x) {5.0067*exp(-0.664*x)} )